Proposal for Reef Ball Breakwater ?Shoreline Stabilization of Qaro Island, Kuwait Dear Mr. Waleed Al-Fadel As requested when discussing the receding shoreline of Qaro Island, I would like to thank you for the opportunity to quote for the above mentioned project. Prior to identifying the requirements some details are required as below: Reef Balls have very unique properties when used as a submerged breakwater. Most breakwater technologies are designed around the fact that the more ?perfect? of a wave break one gets, the less energy makes it to the beach. What?s really happening is when a wave break is converted from waveform into fluid flows (current); a good break sends the current in all directions rather than just toward the beach (where sand can be eroded by currents as on Qaro ). In order for Reef Balls to make a good wave break they must be close to the surface, in rows parallel to the expected waves and wide enough to break the expected wave size. So, just by good design, you can get a great wave breaking submerged breakwater and all the biological benefits of a Reef Ball. Reef Balls also work in other ways which do not occur with other breakwaters. The vortex holes in the Reef Balls cause whirlpools which create drag on the current flows created when a wave converts from waveform to current flows (breaking) ? in other words, Reef Balls attenuate current flows as well as act as a traditional submerged breakwater. Reef Balls have also been scientifically observed changing wave types ? as waves pass over the Reef Ball, the specific type of wave changes to other forms. Design of a Reef Ball breakwater requires specialist expertise that must be used in all our projects to ensure correct application. All projects start with an on-site assessment which can take from one to a few days on site depending on the complexity of your project. In this case it may be possible for you and the KDT to gather the required initial Stage 1. data for a desk analysis by our Reef Ball expert Dr. Lee Harris. Three stages are required ? 1. Data Gathering / 2. Feasibility Analysis / 3. Breakwater reef building and engineering STAGE 1. Data Gathering and bathometric information requirements...